Clinically, there is currently no single “gold standard” approach to assess anti-TNF therapeutic efficacy in patients with either CD or UC. The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in IBD patients with anti-TNF mAbs is extremely important for optimise therapeutic strategy.
As a result of this, block of TNF signal by anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) becomes a main therapeutic strategy for severe steroid refractory or dependant IBD patients today. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a proinflammatory cytokine and plays an essential role in the induction and maintenance of inflammation in the intestine. Although the aetiology for IBD remains to be fully identified, accumulative evidence has strongly suggested that environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and dysregulated immune response are strongly associated with the development of IBD, , ].Ĭlinically, the goals of IBD treatment are to induce and maintain disease remission and mucosal healing, and then improve the patient's quality of life. It is widely known that inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), principal types include Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic inflammatory disorders that mainly affect the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, a robust validation of novel promising biomarkers and comparison studies between current used and novel biomarkers are urgently required to improve their value in the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy and optimization of personalized medicine and identification of IBD candidates for anti-TNF therapy in future clinical practice. microRNAs, proteomics and faecal and mucosal gut microbiota profile and mucosal histological features are reported to be novel candidates of biomarkers with high clinical utility in the evaluation of anti-TNF therapeutic efficacy in patients with IBD. In this review, the principal biomarker analysis revealed that faecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein, serum or mucosal concentrations of anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibodies to anti-TNF mAbs are commonly used as current biomarkers in the evaluation of anti-TNF therapeutic efficacy. Neutralizing tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies have been widely used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the clinical practice.
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